Indonesia, meaning islands near India, is the largest archipelago in the world. It has 17,508 islands inhabited by diverse cultural communities.

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Twelve per cent of Bali's coastline is vulnerable to erosion as a result of uncontrolled development, sea level rise, storm surges and flooding. This has an impact on Balinese culture and the development of the tourism industry. The Coastal use zoning (CUZ) scheme, adopted in 2005, aims to curb natural and man-made impacts, and includes mangrove and coral protection/restoration, inland reforestation, beach stabilization and sand replenishment.